Julian ZAKROWSKI

1849 - 1896

• BIRTH: 1849, Kcynia, Szubin, Prussian Poland
• BURIAL: Cedar Grove Cemetery, Notre Dame, Indiana
• DEATH: 1896, South Bend, Indiana
• BIRTH: 1849, Poland
• DEATH: 1896, South Bend, IN
• BURIAL: Cedar Grove Cemetery, Notre Dame, IN

• MARRIAGE: 1873, Kcynia, Szubin, Prussian Poland

1. +Josephine ZAKROWSKI
2. +Stanislaus Walter ZAKROWSKI
3.  Boleslaus ZAKROWSKI
4. +Valentine ZAKROWSKI
5. +Maryjanna ZAKOWSKI

INDEX

[N376] Kcynia

In German, Exin.

In old documents it is also known as "Krcenia", a city in the powiat of Szubin. The village of Kcynia is located in a hilly region, on one of the highest points in the Grand Duchy of Poznan. Because the surrounding ground is lower the city is often exposed to the winds, the soil in the area is a thick clay like substance, under which is found a layer of gravel.

In the area beneath Kcynia there is neither flowing or standing water and there are few water wells ; therefore in the summer a shortage of water often occurs;

There are four communities in addition to Kcynia Miasto (The City of Kcynia): Kcynia-settlement and three granges: Karmelin, Stahlberg and Wydartowo.

In the year 1871 there were about 254 houses, 2618 inhabitants, 605 Protestant, 1528 Catholics and 8 of other Christian beliefs and 477 Jews. In the year 1875 there were only 2591 inhabitants. In Kcynia, there were the headquarters of the district and also a Customs Office. The Catholic Parish Church was in the deanery of Kcynia.

The Protestant Church was in the Dioceses of Szubin. A synagogue also existed in Kcynia. There was a Catholic Seminary for the future teachers with a preparatory institute and an elementary school "kilkoklasowa" (Editors Note 1). There were 645 illiterates.

Trade and commerce at Kcynia has been lively over the ages, it is in present times more modest in dimension, dealing in horses, cattle and cereal grains.

An important occupation in the area is the manufacture of pottery because of the availability of good clay in the region. For this same reason there are brick works in the town and in the region that produce brick and clay drain pipes.

Located here is a Post Office of the second class and a telegraph; a postal service center for the area "poczthalterya", (Editors Note 2) personal mail from Nak?o passed through Kcynia for Wagrowiec, and from Kcynia for Gniezno; as did written mail for Gromadno and for Retkowo; There is a Railroad Station in Nak?o (Nakel), 18 km distant.

In the year 1811 Kcynia had 243 houses and 1411 inhabitants; in the year 1831 about 214 houses and 1834 inhabiants; in the year 1837 about 2074 inhabitants. From April 1842, there were four two day fairs: with stalls for horses and cattle.

Apart from the Parish Church, consecrated to St Egidius and funded by Wladyslawa Herman (1079-1102), there is still in existance a second church with an old Monastery of the Carmelite monks and a chapel containing a miraclous painting that attracts many pilgrims.

In the year 1262 Boleslaw, Duke of Wielkopolska granted a charter to Kcynia under the Madgeburg laws: the city administered an area from Poznan to Gniezno. In Kcynia during the 13th century Dukes Boleslaw and Przemyslaw of Wielkopolska negotiated with their uncle Swietopelk Duke of Pomerania a treaty to be able to regain the castle at Nak?o and control of the area to Poles.

In times past Kcynia was the capital of the powait (district) under the jurisdiction of the general of Wielkopolska. It was also a place of annual Calissian nobility meetings. Resided also at Kcynia a "starosta niegrodowy" Editors note 3" a kind of district leader,

In the year 1441 a great fire destroyed the whole city; Almost all of the houses were rebuilt of stone, but by the 18th Century the area was in a state of decline.

Raczynski in his Memories of Wielkopolska ( 11 p 392) mentions the city in the 16th century and its considerable commerce. When in the year 1594 Sigismund (Zygmunt III) Vasa returned from Sweden he passed through the area, in Kcynia trade and craftsmen asked him to guarantee their profits from business, endangered by Scottish craftsmen who settled in the area.

In the year 1772 the city came under Prussian dominance. Kcynia, as a district of the Calissian voivodship, was a center of political, administrative and judicial authority for the area, according to the lists from the year 1661 the city encompasses: Kcynia, Miesciska and the villages of Demblowo, Borzatew and Wiela.

In the year 1771 after Andrzej Mielzynski and Anna Bni?ska were Kcynia's "Starosta"s, Kazimierz Radonski, a Colonel in the Army, was. He paid so-called "quarter-tax" of 41 0z?oty and winter-tax "hyberna" of 473 z?oty and 6 groszy.

After the creation of a Governor for Gniezno province, Kcynia was included in the provincial administration of this area. About the year 1765 there were 1928 Jews in the province of Kcynia

Editors Note 1 .... The term "Kilkoklasowa" refers to village / city
elementary school with more then one class. When there were 5 or 10 children of school age and one teacher in small settlement, only one class have may have been organized with various exercises that concerned of the age of school child; the multi-class school was something bigger and better;

Editors Note 2 ... The term "Poczthalterya"- postal service stand; it is less then post office, usually managed by civil inn-owner; it was a stopping station for rest, food and horses or stagecoaches on postal routes.

Editors Note 3 .... starosta, a kind of district foreman, a royal official in Poland in the 14th-18th century, in charge of treasury and police activities, and the judiciary starostwo, the office or property or jurisdiction of a starosta, q. v.; sometimes affiliated

Editors Note 4 ... On being elected King of Poland in 1857, Sigismund (Zygmunt III) Vasa succeeded his uncle Stefen. In 1594 he was crowned King of Sweden following the death of his father, Johan III. He left Sweden in charge of his uncle, Carl, in 1594 while he visited Poland. Carl saw the opportunity to seize the throne and Sigismund had to return with his army to try to regain the throne. He lost a battle fought at Stangebro in 1598 and conceded Sweden to his uncle the following year.

Translated by Jim Piechorowski & Wiktor Karpowicz (Warsaw Pl, July 2005), PGSA Member 6005; families: Piechorowski/Piechurowski 1780.